Prefijos y sufijos

Todos significan "no" o "sin"

un- + happy = unhappy. in- + adequate = inadequate. im- + possible = impossible (ante p/b/m). ir- + rational = irrational (ante r). il- + legal = illegal (ante l). La regla es fonética — elige la forma que suena mejor.

dis- = opuesto / mis- = mal, equivocadamente

dis- + agree = disagree / dis- + honest = dishonest. mis- + understand = misunderstand / mis- + judge = misjudge. "mis-" implica hacerlo mal: "misinformation", "misbehave", "miscalculate".

demasiado / demasiado poco

over- + estimate = overestimate / over- + worked = overworked. under- + estimate = underestimate / under- + paid = underpaid. "The project was overbudget and the team was underpaid." — ambos frecuentísimos.

antes / después / de nuevo / entre

pre- + war = pre-war. post- + modern = postmodern. re- + consider = reconsider. inter- + national = international. "We need to reconsider our post-pandemic strategy." — tres prefijos en una oración.

Convierte verbos en sustantivos de proceso

educate → education / decide → decision / investigate → investigation. Siempre femenino gramatical en español. "The investigation led to significant legislation." — dos sufijos -tion en la misma frase.

Convierte adjetivos en sustantivos abstractos

equal → equality / active → activity / similar → similarity / secure → security. "The equality and security of citizens are fundamental responsibilities." — muy frecuentes en textos académicos.

-ness: cualidad / -ment: resultado de acción

-ness: happy → happiness / aware → awareness / effective → effectiveness. -ment: achieve → achievement / develop → development / govern → government. "The development of awareness is key to effective management."

Convierte sustantivos/verbos en adjetivos

danger → dangerous / origin → original / create → creative / accept → acceptable. "His creative and original approach was both courageous and sustainable." — cuatro sufijos adjetivales en una frase.